Geopolitical risk explained

Original, practical guides to interpreting conflict forecasts, evaluating geopolitical signals and translating country risk into portfolio decisions.

Risk fundamentals

How to read an annual conflict probability

A practical guide to interpreting country-level conflict probabilities: what the number measures, how to read level versus change, and why a forecast is a distribution rather than a verdict.

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Portfolio modelling

From country risk to portfolio loss

Why a country score cannot describe financial exposure, and how separating how-often from how-bad — then running it through your actual assets and contracts — produces expected loss, VaR and TVaR for a specific book.

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Risk intelligence

Using geopolitical news as a risk signal

How to turn fast-moving reporting into a disciplined, traceable adjustment on top of a stable model — controlling noise, duplication and narrative bias without inventing false precision.

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